4. StationXML Tools

As StationXML files are ordinary text files, they may be editted with any text editor (e.g., vi/VIM, TextWrangler, Notepad/Wordpad, etc)

However, StationXML files can become very large and unwieldly as more stations and channels are added. For instance a regional seismic network can generate a StationXML file of size > 30Mb on disk (>400,000 lines).

Fortunately, several tools exist that allow creation and editting of StationXML files.

4.1. obspy + NRL

ObsPy contains a number of very useful modules for working with StationXML. In particular, ObsPy contain a module able to connect to the IRIS Nominal Resource Library (NRL) and download full responses (sensor + datalogger) for various combinations of sensor + datalogger contained within the NRL.

The excerpts below provide examples of how to work with ObsPy and the NRL.

from obspy.clients.nrl import NRL

from lib.valid import stationxml_validator

def main():

   nrl = NRL('http://ds.iris.edu/NRL/')
   datalogger_keys = ['REF TEK', 'RT 130 & 130-SMA', '1', '40']
   sensor_keys = ['Streckeisen', 'STS-2', '1500', '3 - installed 04/97 to present']

   response = nrl.get_response(sensor_keys=sensor_keys, datalogger_keys=datalogger_keys)

   response.plot(min_freq=.001)

   for stage in response.response_stages:
      print(stage)

The resulting response plot looks like

Output for the response stages Show/Hide Stages

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>

Response type: PolesZerosResponseStage, Stage Sequence Number: 1
      From M/S (Velocity in Meters per Second) to V (Volts)
      Stage gain: 1500.0, defined at 1.00 Hz
      Transfer function type: LAPLACE (RADIANS/SECOND)
      Normalization factor: 3.4684e+17, Normalization frequency: 1.00 Hz
      Poles: (-0.037-0.037j), (-0.037+0.037j), (-15.64+0j), (-97.34-400.7j), (-97.34+400.7j), (-374.8+0j), (-520.3+0j), (-10530-10050j), (-10530+10050j), (-13300+0j), (-255.097+0j)
      Zeros: 0j, 0j, (-15.15+0j), (-176.6+0j), (-463.1-430.5j), (-463.1+430.5j)
Response type: ResponseStage, Stage Sequence Number: 2
      From V to V
      Stage gain: 1.0, defined at 0.05 Hz
Response type: CoefficientsTypeResponseStage, Stage Sequence Number: 3
      From V (Volts) to COUNTS (Digital Counts)
      Stage gain: 629129.0, defined at 0.05 Hz
      Decimation:
               Input Sample Rate: 102400.00 Hz
               Decimation Factor: 1
               Decimation Offset: 0
               Decimation Delay: 0.00
               Decimation Correction: 0.00
      Transfer function type: DIGITAL
      Contains 1 numerators and 0 denominators
Response type: CoefficientsTypeResponseStage, Stage Sequence Number: 4
      From COUNTS (Digital Counts) to COUNTS (Digital Counts)
      Stage gain: 1.0, defined at 0.05 Hz
      Decimation:
               Input Sample Rate: 102400.00 Hz
               Decimation Factor: 8
               Decimation Offset: 0
               Decimation Delay: 0.00
               Decimation Correction: 0.00
      Transfer function type: DIGITAL
      Contains 29 numerators and 0 denominators
Response type: CoefficientsTypeResponseStage, Stage Sequence Number: 5
      From COUNTS (Digital Counts) to COUNTS (Digital Counts)
      Stage gain: 1.0, defined at 0.05 Hz
      Decimation:
               Input Sample Rate: 12800.00 Hz
               Decimation Factor: 2
               Decimation Offset: 0
               Decimation Delay: 0.00
               Decimation Correction: 0.00
      Transfer function type: DIGITAL
      Contains 13 numerators and 0 denominators
Response type: CoefficientsTypeResponseStage, Stage Sequence Number: 6
      From COUNTS (Digital Counts) to COUNTS (Digital Counts)
      Stage gain: 1.0, defined at 0.05 Hz
      Decimation:
               Input Sample Rate: 6400.00 Hz
               Decimation Factor: 2
               Decimation Offset: 0
               Decimation Delay: 0.00
               Decimation Correction: 0.00
      Transfer function type: DIGITAL
      Contains 13 numerators and 0 denominators
Response type: CoefficientsTypeResponseStage, Stage Sequence Number: 7
      From COUNTS (Digital Counts) to COUNTS (Digital Counts)
      Stage gain: 1.0, defined at 0.05 Hz
      Decimation:
               Input Sample Rate: 3200.00 Hz
               Decimation Factor: 2
               Decimation Offset: 0
               Decimation Delay: 0.00
               Decimation Correction: 0.00
      Transfer function type: DIGITAL
      Contains 13 numerators and 0 denominators
Response type: CoefficientsTypeResponseStage, Stage Sequence Number: 8
      From COUNTS (Digital Counts) to COUNTS (Digital Counts)
      Stage gain: 1.0, defined at 0.05 Hz
      Decimation:
               Input Sample Rate: 1600.00 Hz
               Decimation Factor: 2
               Decimation Offset: 0
               Decimation Delay: 0.00
               Decimation Correction: 0.00
      Transfer function type: DIGITAL
      Contains 13 numerators and 0 denominators
Response type: CoefficientsTypeResponseStage, Stage Sequence Number: 9
      From COUNTS (Digital Counts) to COUNTS (Digital Counts)
      Stage gain: 1.0, defined at 0.05 Hz
      Decimation:
               Input Sample Rate: 800.00 Hz
               Decimation Factor: 2
               Decimation Offset: 0
               Decimation Delay: 0.01
               Decimation Correction: 0.01
      Transfer function type: DIGITAL
      Contains 13 numerators and 0 denominators
Response type: CoefficientsTypeResponseStage, Stage Sequence Number: 10
      From COUNTS (Digital Counts) to COUNTS (Digital Counts)
      Stage gain: 1.0, defined at 0.05 Hz
      Decimation:
               Input Sample Rate: 400.00 Hz
               Decimation Factor: 2
               Decimation Offset: 0
               Decimation Delay: 0.12
               Decimation Correction: 0.12
      Transfer function type: DIGITAL
      Contains 101 numerators and 0 denominators
Response type: CoefficientsTypeResponseStage, Stage Sequence Number: 11
      From COUNTS (Digital Counts) to COUNTS (Digital Counts)
      Stage gain: 1.0, defined at 0.05 Hz
      Decimation:
               Input Sample Rate: 200.00 Hz
               Decimation Factor: 5
               Decimation Offset: 0
               Decimation Delay: 0.58
               Decimation Correction: 0.58
      Transfer function type: DIGITAL
      Contains 235 numerators and 0 denominators

Up until now we’ve been examining the response in ObsPy format, that is, as an instance of type obspy.core.inventory.response.Response.

We can also examine this as part of a StationXML file, however, StationXML does not allow children to exist without parents. Thus, a response must be contained within a <Channel> element, which itself must be contained within a <Station> element, which must be contained within a <Network> element, etc.

The excerpt below creates a generic structure to contain our Response object, exports this to StationXML, and validates it against the StationXML schema.

from obspy.clients.nrl import NRL

   ...

   inventory = Inventory(networks=[], source="demo")
   network = Network(code='US')
   station = Station(code='ANMO',
                      latitude=34.945911,
                      longitude=-106.457199,
                      elevation=1820.0,
                      creation_date=UTCDateTime(1970, 1, 1),          # required
                      site=Site(name='Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA')  # required
                      )

   channel = Channel(code='BHZ',
                      location_code='10',      # required
                      latitude=34.945911,      # required
                      longitude=-106.457199,   # required
                      elevation=1820.0,        # required
                      depth=0.,                # required
                      )

   channel.response = response

   inventory.write("Test.xml", format="stationxml", validate=False)

The output StationXML file looks like:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>

Response type: PolesZerosResponseStage, Stage Sequence Number: 1


<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<FDSNStationXML xmlns="http://www.fdsn.org/xml/station/1" schemaVersion="1.0">
<Source>demo</Source>
<Module>ObsPy 1.1.0</Module>
<ModuleURI>https://www.obspy.org</ModuleURI>
<Created>2020-02-07T22:26:54.123236</Created>
<Network code="US">
   <Station code="ANMO">
      <Latitude unit="DEGREES">34.945911</Latitude>
      <Longitude unit="DEGREES">-106.457199</Longitude>
      <Elevation unit="METERS">1820.0</Elevation>
      <Site>
      <Name>Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA</Name>
      </Site>
      <CreationDate>1970-01-01T00:00:00</CreationDate>
      <Channel code="BHZ" locationCode="10">
      <Latitude unit="DEGREES">34.945911</Latitude>
      <Longitude unit="DEGREES">-106.457199</Longitude>
      <Elevation unit="METERS">1820.0</Elevation>
      <Depth unit="METERS">0.0</Depth>
      <Response>
         <InstrumentSensitivity>
            <Value>941864732.6931986</Value>
            <Frequency>1.0</Frequency>
            <InputUnits>
            <Name>M/S</Name>
            <Description>Velocity in Meters per Second</Description>
            </InputUnits>
            <OutputUnits>
            <Name>COUNTS</Name>
            <Description>Digital Counts</Description>
            </OutputUnits>
         </InstrumentSensitivity>
         <Stage number="1">
            <PolesZeros>
            <InputUnits>
               <Name>M/S</Name>
               <Description>Velocity in Meters per Second</Description>
            </InputUnits>
            <OutputUnits>
               <Name>V</Name>
               <Description>Volts</Description>
            </OutputUnits>
            <PzTransferFunctionType>LAPLACE (RADIANS/SECOND)</PzTransferFunctionType>
            <NormalizationFactor>3.4684e+17</NormalizationFactor>
            <NormalizationFrequency unit="HERTZ">1.0</NormalizationFrequency>
            <Zero number="0">
               <Real minusError="0.0" plusError="0.0">0.0</Real>
               <Imaginary minusError="0.0" plusError="0.0">0.0</Imaginary>
            </Zero>
            <Zero number="1">
               <Real minusError="0.0" plusError="0.0">0.0</Real>
               <Imaginary minusError="0.0" plusError="0.0">0.0</Imaginary>
            </Zero>
            <Zero number="2">
               <Real minusError="-15.15" plusError="-15.15">-15.15</Real>
               <Imaginary minusError="0.0" plusError="0.0">0.0</Imaginary>
            </Zero>
            <Zero number="3">
               <Real minusError="-176.6" plusError="-176.6">-176.6</Real>
               <Imaginary minusError="0.0" plusError="0.0">0.0</Imaginary>
            </Zero>
            <Zero number="4">
               <Real minusError="-463.1" plusError="-463.1">-463.1</Real>
               <Imaginary minusError="-430.5" plusError="-430.5">-430.5</Imaginary>
            </Zero>
            <Zero number="5">
               <Real minusError="-463.1" plusError="-463.1">-463.1</Real>
               <Imaginary minusError="430.5" plusError="430.5">430.5</Imaginary>
            </Zero>
            <Pole number="0">
               <Real minusError="-0.037" plusError="-0.037">-0.037</Real>
               <Imaginary minusError="-0.037" plusError="-0.037">-0.037</Imaginary>
            </Pole>
            <Pole number="1">
               <Real minusError="-0.037" plusError="-0.037">-0.037</Real>
               <Imaginary minusError="0.037" plusError="0.037">0.037</Imaginary>
            </Pole>
            <Pole number="2">
               <Real minusError="-15.64" plusError="-15.64">-15.64</Real>
               <Imaginary minusError="0.0" plusError="0.0">0.0</Imaginary>
            </Pole>
            <Pole number="3">
               <Real minusError="-97.34" plusError="-97.34">-97.34</Real>
               <Imaginary minusError="-400.7" plusError="-400.7">-400.7</Imaginary>
            </Pole>
            <Pole number="4">
               <Real minusError="-97.34" plusError="-97.34">-97.34</Real>
               <Imaginary minusError="400.7" plusError="400.7">400.7</Imaginary>
            </Pole>
            <Pole number="5">
               <Real minusError="-374.8" plusError="-374.8">-374.8</Real>
               <Imaginary minusError="0.0" plusError="0.0">0.0</Imaginary>
            </Pole>
            <Pole number="6">
               <Real minusError="-520.3" plusError="-520.3">-520.3</Real>
               <Imaginary minusError="0.0" plusError="0.0">0.0</Imaginary>
            </Pole>
            <Pole number="7">
               <Real minusError="-10530.0" plusError="-10530.0">-10530.0</Real>
               <Imaginary minusError="-10050.0" plusError="-10050.0">-10050.0</Imaginary>
            </Pole>
            <Pole number="8">
               <Real minusError="-10530.0" plusError="-10530.0">-10530.0</Real>
               <Imaginary minusError="10050.0" plusError="10050.0">10050.0</Imaginary>
            </Pole>
            <Pole number="9">
               <Real minusError="-13300.0" plusError="-13300.0">-13300.0</Real>
               <Imaginary minusError="0.0" plusError="0.0">0.0</Imaginary>
            </Pole>
            <Pole number="10">
               <Real minusError="-255.097" plusError="-255.097">-255.097</Real>
               <Imaginary minusError="0.0" plusError="0.0">0.0</Imaginary>
            </Pole>
            </PolesZeros>
            <StageGain>
            <Value>1500.0</Value>
            <Frequency>1.0</Frequency>
            </StageGain>
         </Stage>
         <Stage number="2">
            <StageGain>
            <Value>1.0</Value>
            <Frequency>0.05</Frequency>
            </StageGain>
         </Stage>
         <Stage number="3">
            <Coefficients>
            <InputUnits>
               <Name>V</Name>
               <Description>Volts</Description>
            </InputUnits>
            <OutputUnits>
               <Name>COUNTS</Name>
               <Description>Digital Counts</Description>
            </OutputUnits>
            <CfTransferFunctionType>DIGITAL</CfTransferFunctionType>
            <Numerator>1.0</Numerator>
            </Coefficients>
            <Decimation>
            <InputSampleRate unit="HERTZ">102400.0</InputSampleRate>
            <Factor>1</Factor>
            <Offset>0</Offset>
            <Delay>0.0</Delay>
            <Correction>0.0</Correction>
            </Decimation>
            <StageGain>
            <Value>629129.0</Value>
            <Frequency>0.05</Frequency>
            </StageGain>
         </Stage>
         <Stage number="4">
            <Coefficients>
            <InputUnits>
               <Name>COUNTS</Name>
               <Description>Digital Counts</Description>
            </InputUnits>
            <OutputUnits>
               <Name>COUNTS</Name>
               <Description>Digital Counts</Description>
            </OutputUnits>
            <CfTransferFunctionType>DIGITAL</CfTransferFunctionType>
            <Numerator>0.000244141</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.000976562</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.00244141</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.00488281</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.00854492</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0136719</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0205078</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0292969</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0393066</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0498047</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0600586</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0693359</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0769043</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0820312</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0839844</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0820312</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0769043</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0693359</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0600586</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0498047</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0393066</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0292969</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0205078</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0136719</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.00854492</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.00488281</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.00244141</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.000976562</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.000244141</Numerator>
            </Coefficients>
            <Decimation>
            <InputSampleRate unit="HERTZ">102400.0</InputSampleRate>
            <Factor>8</Factor>
            <Offset>0</Offset>
            <Delay>0.00013672</Delay>
            <Correction>0.00013672</Correction>
            </Decimation>
            <StageGain>
            <Value>1.0</Value>
            <Frequency>0.05</Frequency>
            </StageGain>
         </Stage>
         <Stage number="5">
            <Coefficients>
            <InputUnits>
               <Name>COUNTS</Name>
               <Description>Digital Counts</Description>
            </InputUnits>
            <OutputUnits>
               <Name>COUNTS</Name>
               <Description>Digital Counts</Description>
            </OutputUnits>
            <CfTransferFunctionType>DIGITAL</CfTransferFunctionType>
            <Numerator>0.000244141</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.00292969</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0161133</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0537109</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.12085</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.193359</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.225586</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.193359</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.12085</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0537109</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0161133</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.00292969</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.000244141</Numerator>
            </Coefficients>
            <Decimation>
            <InputSampleRate unit="HERTZ">12800.0</InputSampleRate>
            <Factor>2</Factor>
            <Offset>0</Offset>
            <Delay>0.00046875</Delay>
            <Correction>0.00046875</Correction>
            </Decimation>
            <StageGain>
            <Value>1.0</Value>
            <Frequency>0.05</Frequency>
            </StageGain>
         </Stage>
         <Stage number="6">
            <Coefficients>
            <InputUnits>
               <Name>COUNTS</Name>
               <Description>Digital Counts</Description>
            </InputUnits>
            <OutputUnits>
               <Name>COUNTS</Name>
               <Description>Digital Counts</Description>
            </OutputUnits>
            <CfTransferFunctionType>DIGITAL</CfTransferFunctionType>
            <Numerator>0.000244141</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.00292969</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0161133</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0537109</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.12085</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.193359</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.225586</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.193359</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.12085</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0537109</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0161133</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.00292969</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.000244141</Numerator>
            </Coefficients>
            <Decimation>
            <InputSampleRate unit="HERTZ">6400.0</InputSampleRate>
            <Factor>2</Factor>
            <Offset>0</Offset>
            <Delay>0.0009375</Delay>
            <Correction>0.0009375</Correction>
            </Decimation>
            <StageGain>
            <Value>1.0</Value>
            <Frequency>0.05</Frequency>
            </StageGain>
         </Stage>
         <Stage number="7">
            <Coefficients>
            <InputUnits>
               <Name>COUNTS</Name>
               <Description>Digital Counts</Description>
            </InputUnits>
            <OutputUnits>
               <Name>COUNTS</Name>
               <Description>Digital Counts</Description>
            </OutputUnits>
            <CfTransferFunctionType>DIGITAL</CfTransferFunctionType>
            <Numerator>0.000244141</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.00292969</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0161133</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0537109</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.12085</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.193359</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.225586</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.193359</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.12085</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0537109</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0161133</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.00292969</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.000244141</Numerator>
            </Coefficients>
            <Decimation>
            <InputSampleRate unit="HERTZ">3200.0</InputSampleRate>
            <Factor>2</Factor>
            <Offset>0</Offset>
            <Delay>0.001875</Delay>
            <Correction>0.001875</Correction>
            </Decimation>
            <StageGain>
            <Value>1.0</Value>
            <Frequency>0.05</Frequency>
            </StageGain>
         </Stage>
         <Stage number="8">
            <Coefficients>
            <InputUnits>
               <Name>COUNTS</Name>
               <Description>Digital Counts</Description>
            </InputUnits>
            <OutputUnits>
               <Name>COUNTS</Name>
               <Description>Digital Counts</Description>
            </OutputUnits>
            <CfTransferFunctionType>DIGITAL</CfTransferFunctionType>
            <Numerator>0.000244141</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.00292969</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0161133</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0537109</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.12085</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.193359</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.225586</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.193359</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.12085</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0537109</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0161133</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.00292969</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.000244141</Numerator>
            </Coefficients>
            <Decimation>
            <InputSampleRate unit="HERTZ">1600.0</InputSampleRate>
            <Factor>2</Factor>
            <Offset>0</Offset>
            <Delay>0.00375</Delay>
            <Correction>0.00375</Correction>
            </Decimation>
            <StageGain>
            <Value>1.0</Value>
            <Frequency>0.05</Frequency>
            </StageGain>
         </Stage>
         <Stage number="9">
            <Coefficients>
            <InputUnits>
               <Name>COUNTS</Name>
               <Description>Digital Counts</Description>
            </InputUnits>
            <OutputUnits>
               <Name>COUNTS</Name>
               <Description>Digital Counts</Description>
            </OutputUnits>
            <CfTransferFunctionType>DIGITAL</CfTransferFunctionType>
            <Numerator>0.000244141</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.00292969</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0161133</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0537109</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.12085</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.193359</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.225586</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.193359</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.12085</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0537109</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0161133</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.00292969</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.000244141</Numerator>
            </Coefficients>
            <Decimation>
            <InputSampleRate unit="HERTZ">800.0</InputSampleRate>
            <Factor>2</Factor>
            <Offset>0</Offset>
            <Delay>0.0075</Delay>
            <Correction>0.0075</Correction>
            </Decimation>
            <StageGain>
            <Value>1.0</Value>
            <Frequency>0.05</Frequency>
            </StageGain>
         </Stage>
         <Stage number="10">
            <Coefficients>
            <InputUnits>
               <Name>COUNTS</Name>
               <Description>Digital Counts</Description>
            </InputUnits>
            <OutputUnits>
               <Name>COUNTS</Name>
               <Description>Digital Counts</Description>
            </OutputUnits>
            <CfTransferFunctionType>DIGITAL</CfTransferFunctionType>
            <Numerator>-7.15032e-07</Numerator>
            <Numerator>-5.60109e-06</Numerator>
            <Numerator>-2.62179e-06</Numerator>
            <Numerator>-4.31403e-05</Numerator>
            <Numerator>-4.64771e-06</Numerator>
            <Numerator>1.43006e-06</Numerator>
            <Numerator>2.34769e-05</Numerator>
            <Numerator>1.43006e-06</Numerator>
            <Numerator>-5.27932e-05</Numerator>
            <Numerator>-0.000366692</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.000376107</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.000854226</Numerator>
            <Numerator>3.05081e-05</Numerator>
            <Numerator>-0.00127621</Numerator>
            <Numerator>-0.000910951</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.00127669</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.00215165</Numerator>
            <Numerator>-0.000461554</Numerator>
            <Numerator>-0.00333765</Numerator>
            <Numerator>-0.00140933</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.00377072</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.00419414</Numerator>
            <Numerator>-0.00264288</Numerator>
            <Numerator>-0.00720121</Numerator>
            <Numerator>-0.000644006</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.009184</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.00608445</Numerator>
            <Numerator>-0.00857824</Numerator>
            <Numerator>-0.0127401</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.00398225</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0186261</Numerator>
            <Numerator>0.0052052</Numerator>
            <Numerator>-0.0209407</Numerator>
            <Numerator>-0.0181629</Numerator>
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            <Decimation>
            <InputSampleRate unit="HERTZ">400.0</InputSampleRate>
            <Factor>2</Factor>
            <Offset>0</Offset>
            <Delay>0.125</Delay>
            <Correction>0.125</Correction>
            </Decimation>
            <StageGain>
            <Value>1.0</Value>
            <Frequency>0.05</Frequency>
            </StageGain>
         </Stage>
         <Stage number="11">
            <Coefficients>
            <InputUnits>
               <Name>COUNTS</Name>
               <Description>Digital Counts</Description>
            </InputUnits>
            <OutputUnits>
               <Name>COUNTS</Name>
               <Description>Digital Counts</Description>
            </OutputUnits>
            <CfTransferFunctionType>DIGITAL</CfTransferFunctionType>
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            <Numerator>-1.99798e-05</Numerator>
            <Numerator>-1.09889e-05</Numerator>
            </Coefficients>
            <Decimation>
            <InputSampleRate unit="HERTZ">200.0</InputSampleRate>
            <Factor>5</Factor>
            <Offset>0</Offset>
            <Delay>0.585</Delay>
            <Correction>0.585</Correction>
            </Decimation>
            <StageGain>
            <Value>1.0</Value>
            <Frequency>0.05</Frequency>
            </StageGain>
         </Stage>
      </Response>
      </Channel>
   </Station>
</Network>
</FDSNStationXML>

4.2. IRIS SEED-StationXML Converter

IRIS maintains a Java-based tool that can convert between dataless SEED and StationXML formats at:

https://github.com/iris-edu/stationxml-seed-converter

4.3. IRIS StationXML Validator

IRIS maintains a Java-based validator for StationXML documents.

Note: this tool validates documents against the official schema in addition to a set of rules that are not possible to represent in the XML Schema language.

https://github.com/iris-edu/stationxml-validator